Psychosocial and educational factors influencing school dropout: A Systematic Review
Factores psicosociales y educativos que inciden en la deserción escolar: Una revisión sistemáticaMain Article Content
School dropout represents a complex problem with significant repercussions on the individual, social and economic development of the population. The objective of this investigation was to analyze the psychosocial and educational factors that affect school dropout. A qualitative approach was implemented, through a systematic review of the scientific literature, based on PRISMA guidelines, consulting the Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, ERIC and PsycINFO databases during the period 2017 to 2024. 847 initial studies were identified, of which 65 were selected for the review. The results showed that psychosocial factors, such as emotional connection with the educational environment, mental health, self-efficacy, resilience and interpersonal relationships, constitute determining elements in school retention. It is concluded that the prevention of school dropout requires comprehensive interventions that simultaneously address the psychological, family, academic and structural dimensions of the phenomenon.
La deserción escolar representa un problema complejo con repercusiones significativas en el desarrollo individual, social y económico de las poblaciones. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar los factores psicosociales y educativos que inciden en la deserción escolar. Se empleó un enfoque cualitativo, mediante una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica, bajo lineamientos PRISMA, consultando las bases de datos Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, ERIC y PsycINFO durante el período 2017 al 2024. Se identificaron 847 estudios iniciales, de los cuales 65 fueron seleccionados para la revisión. Los resultados evidenciaron que los factores psicosociales, tales como la conexión emocional con el entorno educativo, la salud mental, la autoeficacia, la resiliencia y las relaciones interpersonales, constituyen elementos determinantes en la permanencia escolar. Se concluye que la prevención de la deserción escolar requiere intervenciones integrales que aborden de manera simultánea las dimensiones psicológicas, familiares, académicas y estructurales del fenómeno.
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